现代斜拉桥的复兴是第二次世界大战后桥梁发展史上最伟大的成就之一。斜拉桥在60年代初传入我国后，上海和四川两地于1975年建成了粮作试验性的钢筋混凝土斜拉桥，即主跨分别为54m的新五桥和75.8m的云阳汤溪河桥。 1977年起，我国进入了改革开放的新时期，TRANBBS交通发展的需要推动了大跨度斜拉桥的建设。1982年建成的跨度为220m的山东济南黄河桥可以认为是我国第一阶段学习建造斜拉桥的成功总结。 至80年代，斜拉桥迅速在全国各地推广，许多省市建造了30余座各种不同类型的斜拉桥。如主跨长度达到260m的天津永和桥和288m的山东东营黄河桥（后者是我国第一座钢斜拉桥）；广州市海印桥的35m最大桥宽和双薄壁墩单索面体系；广东南海九江大桥采用5000kN浮吊的快速悬拼TRANBBS施工；重庆石门大桥主跨为230m的不对称布置独塔斜拉桥和采用最长悬臂浇注施工，以及1990年竣工的长沙湘江北大桥的轻型挂篮悬浇施工和美丽造型等都各具有特色，成为这一时期斜拉桥建设的代表性工程。 进入90年代，我国的斜拉桥建设出现了一个新的高潮。以上海南浦大桥的建成（1991年）为起点，一大批跨度超过400m的斜拉桥正在建造、TRANBBS设计或TRANBBS规划之中。其中，上海杨浦大桥是继南浦大桥后的又一座602m记录跨度的结合梁斜拉桥。可以预料，在本世纪的最后10年中，中国的斜拉桥建设，无论在规模上和发展速度上都将取得令世界瞩目的伟大成就。 我国现代悬索桥的建造起步较迟，60年代在西南山区建造了一些跨度在200m以内的半加劲式单链和双链式悬索桥，其中较著名的是1969年建成的重庆朝阳大桥；1984年建成的西藏达孜桥，跨度达到500m。90年代的交通建设高潮使我们终于迎来了建造现代大跨度悬索桥的新时期。跨度为452m的广东汕头海湾大桥采用混凝土加劲梁；广东虎门大桥为跨度达888m的钢箱梁悬索桥；主跨超过1200m的江阴长江大桥正在设计之中。3座悬索桥的同时建造将使我国的桥梁科学TRANBBS技术迅速赶上世界先进水平。 The revival of modern cable-stayed bridges is one of the greatest achievements in bridge ebgineering after World War II.
Cable-stayed bridges were first introduced into China in the early sixties. Two trial bridges, the Xinwu Bridge with a main span of 54m in Shanghai and the Tangxi Bridge with a span of 75.8m in Yunyang, Sichuan Province -- both are reinforced concrete cable-stayed bridges --were completed in 1975.
Since 1977 when China entered a new era with its reform and open policy, with the traffic development, China's bridge engineering has made great strides in the construction of long-span cable-stayed bridges. The Jinan Bridge across the Yellow River with a main span of 220m, which was completed in 1982, can be regarded as a successful achievement of the first stage -- the learning stage -- in the history of China's |
cable-stayed bridge construction.
In the eighties, the construction of cable-stayed bridges developed rapidly over a wide area in China. More than 30 bridges of various types were erected in different provinces and municipalities, for example, the Yonghe Bridge in Tianjin, which has a span as long as 260m, and the Dongying Bridges in Shandong Province, whose span reaches 288m, the latter being China's first steel cable-stayed bridge. In addition, the Haiyin Bridge in Guangzhou with its 35m-wide deck, single cable plane and double thin-walled pylon piers; the Jiujiang Bridge in Nanhai of Guangdong Province, which was erected by a floating crane with a capacity of 5000kN; the Shimen Bridge in Chongqin, Sichuan Province, having an asymmetrical single cable plane arrangement and a 230m cantilever cast-in-situ; and the attractive-looking Xiangjiang North Bridge in Changsha of Hunan Province, completed in 1990 with light travlling formwork -- all are the representatives in this period with respective features.
At the beginning of this decade, with the completion of the Nanpu Bridge in Shanghai in 1991, a new high tide of construction of cable-stayed bridges began to surge in China. Now, a large number of cable-stayed bridges with a span of over 400m are under design and contruction. The most outstanding one is the yangpu Bridge with a record-breaking span of 602m, another composite deck cable-stayed bridge in China will have attracted world attention not only for its large scale but for its speedy development as well.
Comparatively speaking, the contruction of modern suspension bridges in China started rather late. In the sixties, some flexible suspension bridges with spans less than 200m were built in the mountain areas of southwestern China, the Chaoyang Bridge in Chongqin, Sichuan Province being the most famous one. However, the Dazi Bridge in Tibet completed in 1984 has a span as long as 500m.
The upsurge of traffic engineering construction in the ninties led to a new stage of modern suspension bridges. The Bay Bridge in Shantou, Guangdong Province will have a 452m concrete stiffening girder; the Tigergate Bridge will be a steel box girder suspension with a main span of 888m; the Jiangyin Bridge over the Yangtze River, whose main span is 1385m, is now completed. The simultaneous construction of the three suspension bridges is a convincing evidence that China's bridge science and technology will soon catch up with the advanced world level.
|
